flannel board media and bulletin board as instructional media

Chapter I

Introduction

1.      Background

Education is one of important part in human life. Without education, human being cannot sustain the culture, art, religion, language and other aspects. It also needed to create a good behavior, good cognition and practice. In education, there are several things that need to be considered. One of them is instructional media.

Learning/ instructional media is an important component in a learning process learners be better.according to Azikiwe (2007) as cited in Adeniregun, Gbolahan Solomon, instructional media cover whatever the teacher uses to involve all the five senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste while presenting his/her lessons. In a similar vein Adegun (1997) says instructional media are things which are intended to help the teacher to teach more effectively and enable the students to learn more readily. Instructional media are information carriers designed specifically to fulfill objectives in a teaching-learning situation. They are very important in language teaching, especially the foreign language, because they facilitate the direct association between sounds and their symbols and also word sand the objects they represent. They help to vividly illustrate meanings of things because they are associated with materials used by the teacher to improve the quality of his teaching.

From ancient times, people have used the media to teach others, and as the times progressed we know that the media is getting more sophisticated and rapidly growing. AsMustapha et al. (2002) and Azikiwe (2007) as cited in nursitisadiah(2015) have pointed out that there are various types of instructional media, including learning media that cannot be projected, projected media, audio media, visual media, computer-based media, and multimedia.

instructional media has a significant contribution and role in teaching and learning process, so that, teachers are expected to be able to use and utilize the media maximally. Thus, this paper will discuss two of the types of graphic media such as flannel board media and bulletin board.

1.      Research question

a.       The definition of flannel board and bulletin board

b.      The goals of using flannel board and bulletin board in teaching and learning.

c.       Steps of how to create flannel board media and bulletin board media

d.      Strengths and weaknesses of flannel board and bulletin board.

2.      The aims of study

a.       Students will be able to understand the definition of flannel board and bulletin board

b.      Students will comprehend the goals of using flannel board and bulletin board in teaching and learning

c.       Students will able to create flannel board media and bulletin board media

d.      Students will identify the strengths and weaknesses of flannel and bulletin board.

Chapter II

Discussion

A.    Flannel board media

1.      Definition of flannel board media

According to sukiman” flannel board media is a board covered by flannel material, so that the picture that is going to be showed can be easily set, creased and rid. Furthermore, it also can be used in several times. Flannel board media is including into two dimension instructional media, which is made from flannel material and stick onto plywood or board (media pembelajaran,2012:107)

Flannel board is one of effective media that provide some particular messages. This board which is covered flannel material can be practically creased. The provided pictures might be set and rid easily so the media can be used many times. In a beginner classes, such as elementary school and kinder garten, this media is used to stick the alphabets and numbers because it is easy and really attract students to learn. Besides, the use of flannel board is more efficient.

Flannel material is available in various color, it is also not too expensive and easy to access. This media is regularly used in teaching the differences of colors, words, dramatization, developing the concept of stories, diagram, graphic and among others (sukiman, 2012:108).

2.      The goals of creating flannel board media

a.       This media can be used to teach various color, developing vocabularies, dramatization, enhancing the concept of stories, creating diagram, graphic and other aspects.

b.      to help the instructor to explain the material of the lesson

c.       to ease learners understanding the material lesson

d.      to attract students’ interest

3.      steps of creating flannel board

·         materials

ü  flannel

ü  boards or plywood

ü  glue

ü  scissors

ü  nail

ü  a number of pictures lesson

·         how to create flannel board media

ü  Prepare a board or plywood

ü  Stick the flannel or paper or lacen on the board

ü  Collect the appropriate images that match the material to be taught

ü  Affix the back of the image to be used with flannel / paper cloth / lacen then the affix image on the board so that the image remains attached to the flannel board.

4.      The strengths of using flannel board as a media in teaching learning process

a.       Can be used in every level of school and the level of lesson

b.      Can be used to describe comparison, development vocabularies

c.       Learners can be effectively cultivated by giving opportunity to paste items according to the right position or task of teacher

d.      It is made originally made the teachers so the material suit well enough with the media

e.       Can be prepared well in advance

f.       Does not require a special room that needs a lot of space

g.      Items can be self -managed and can be used many times 

h.      Saving time and energy

i.        Need a little fund

j.         Students can focus on solving problem

5.      The weaknesses of using flannel board

ü  It generally lies in the lack of preparation and skill of teachers

ü  It takes a long time to prepare the materials

ü  Flannel or lacen has less adhesive power, When it is exposed by slight wind, the material attached to the flannel board will fall down and what if there is a heavy material will also fall.

ü  Easily damaged if not treated regular

ü  Only suitable applied to small groups

ü  difficult to show in the distance

Because of the weaknesses above,  teacherssometimes feel hesitant to use this medium. And yet, this media is very effective if it is organized well.

Therefore, although it takes a long time to make, teachers must be patient in making it for being beneficial for all of pupil and never think of the fund because students’ happiness is the most important.

6.      The use of flannel board media in teaching English

As what have stated above that, flannel board media can be used in every level of school as well as the lesson, including English subject. To teach a foreign language, the teachers usually use several methods and approach in order the students may reach the target language. Here are a number of ways teachers can develop students’ ability in memorizing new vocabularies by using flannel board media.

a.       Firstly, teachers serve the material about introducing new words by flannel board media.

b.      students try to spell the pronunciation of the words that related to the picture on flannel board by teachers’ assistance

c.       students try to mention the words which is appropriate to the picture

d.      students try to gear and match the word that they already heard from teacher to the picture stick on flannel board

e.       students relate the picture and the words written in English on the flannel board

Those are some tips for teacher who wants to teach and develop students’ vocabularies, however, teacher might not really awkward by focusing to them because the flannel board media is really flexible and helpful in teaching various lesson.

B.     Bulletin board media

1.      Definition

According to Sukiman Bulletin boards are especially created to present students work, such as drawings, charts, posters and objects in three dimensions. Usually, the measures is 160X80 cm. Bulletin boards are often placed in halls, cafeterias, and offices, but the main place is in the classroom. the activities of designing class, layout, and the installation of the message content in the bulletin board is the responsibility of teachers and students (media pembelajaran, 2012: 110).

Bulletin boards are used to describe the general appearance of a class. Bulletin board can contain news, knowledge, short messages and so on. So its function is similar to wall magazine but bulletin board is widely used for simple knowledge. Bulletin board contains 3 elements, namely: decorative elements, motivation, instructional. Bulletin board can be motivated student that when used to paste student work with certain job, for example: pictures of student which have colored, poetry own student work, and so on. Because it must be interesting, neat, up to date, and dynamic. The bulletin board displays an ongoing learning activity in the room. Therefore, must have the function of education. Bulletin boards mostly made of linoluim cork, cloth guni (burlap) or similar materials.

As Sadiman has stated in Media Pendidikan: Pengertian, Pengembangan dan Pemanfaatan,In contrast to the flannel board, this bulletin is not coated with flannel but is directly taped to pictures or writings. Its function other than to explain something, bulletin board is intended to notify events in a certain time. Various types of graphic media have been put forward (images, posters, sketches, diagrams, charts) can be used as bulletin board material. In addition, bulletin boards can be made from written verbal messages such as articles (children), news, features and among others (1986:50).

2.      The goals of using bulletin board

ü  Providing stimulation on the classroom conditions to be attractive

ü  Create readiness especially for new work units

ü  Develop a sense of belonging and responsibility among fellow students

ü  Generating class spirit and morale

3.      Steps of creating bulletin board media

·         Provide a whiteboard or blackboard

·         To attract the students, colorful painted on the frame need to be considered

·         Give a catchy title with striking colors

·          Collect materials such as images/ pictures or subject matter

4.      The strengths of bulletin board media

Instead of Increasing students’ interest in learning, it also envelop students’ obligation on student self, the classroom’s atmosphere may be changed into more attractive. Furthermore, it encourages students to work and create some products by taking the initiative to solve problems and it can be means of competence.

5.      The weaknesses of bulletin board

·         It takes a long time to prepare the material

·         It costs a lot to prepare

·         Difficult to display at a great distance

instructional media batch 2

anyyeong, i wonder that you have missed my post so much.. hehehe, like what i have promised, in this post i will give you more about instructional media.. check it out!!!!

4. board game

Another media that has been used in my instructional media class is a board game. The game is quite famous in teaching language. The writer designed this media from carton for learning comparison especially comparative and superlative degree. This media was also designed to develop students’ concentration in answering question. How to play this media is explained below:

      Teacher explain the material of comparison, its cope and its part

      Teacher give an example of each degree of comparison

      For exercise, teacher will ask students to play that board game

      The rules of playing are:

      Students are broken into a group that consist of four students

      Each group will be given one board game, -every board game has different characteristic of shape, question and cards-.

      Every group will play at the same time by sitting on the floor and the teacher will spy them

      The main rule is, students have to remember the color which is affixed in every box, red is for superlative and green is for comparative.

      The game needs a dice, the dice consists numbers until six and each student must shake the dice once their turn.

      As a sample, A get 4, so s/he must go up to the fourth box and see the instruction written in it, whether s/he must answer the superlative one or the comparative, the adjectives are stated in the box.

      There is also a number of cards that contain some instructions

      The target of this play is to reach a star and of course for training students’ memory in comparison material.

5. audio visual media

>cartoon video>

The next media is audio visual. Audio visual is actually consisting some types like video, film, movie and among others. The writer selects cartoon videobeauty and the beast as a media for learning text, narrative for 1^st grade of senior high school.Usually, some teachers keep learning text by giving a real text, but the writer  prefers to use video rather than the text itself. The use of this media is explained below:

Ø  Teacher firstly explain the type of narrative text, its generic structure, language feature, sub type, kinds of story.

Ø  Then, teacher distribute the worksheet for students

Ø  After that, teacher play a video twice with no subtitle. While the students have to answer the question related to the video they have just watched.

this is the example of worksheet

6.    Audio media

Audio is one media that commonly used for listening class. The writer choose audio media to teach listening as well. This media was used for the third grade of junior high school.The media is a song sung by maher zain entitle open your eyes.

the use of this media is explained below:

  Teacher will distribute the worksheet before playing the music, the music will be played three times.

  A sound-speaker is really needed

  Students are asked to read the instruction 

  Music will be played and students have to answer their worksheet by themselves

7.    Computer/technology based media

ü  Mind mapping of narrative text

The last media we prepared during this semester is technology/ computer based media. Here, the writer designed a media of mind mapping from mind maple, a free computer software. The focus of this media is text especially narrative, but it can be very useful for every lesson. The media was created for second grade of junior high school. The use of this media is explained below:

      In teaching this material, teacher also need an overhead projector to show the mind mapping

      Teacher begin to explain the material based on what written on mind mapping

      If there’s some misunderstanding, students may ask the teacher

      This mind mapping is really colorful so that student will not feel bored and keep enjoying the class

      After class is finished, teacher distribute the software to students’ computer and explain how to use the software. after that, students are supposed to create their own mind mapping based on the material that teacher already give them and it is better if they create it in accordance to their creativity.

      At last, student must come forward to present their product of mind mapping.

instructional media

during this semester, our class has created a number of instructional media. each student is supposed to create his/her own media and then will be presented in front of class. at least there are 7 types of media we've learnt that will be stated in this post along with the way to use them and i hope this post will be very beneficial for those who want to teach english subject.

1. printed media
> comic<

How to use it!!

Printed media that has been chosen by the writer is comic, it was designed for a beginner class especially for the first grade of junior high school who study about self-introduction. The media was created by the writer herself by taking some empty pictures and the writer started putting a conversation about self-introduction. The use of this media is explained below:

·         Firstly, teacher greet students and say some lip-services

·         second, s/he asked students whether they ever introduced their selves to others in English or not

·         then, teacher begin to teach how to introduce by giving some expressions in mentioning name, age, origin and among others

·         after that, teacher break students into a pair and give the comics for students in order to help understanding in introducing themselves

·         students try to make a short conversation with their partner by comics’ guidance

·         finally, students will be asked by teacher to come forward and do an introduction in front of the class. 

2. visual media

<picture>

The second media used by the writer is a picture, it is including into visual graphic media, one dimension type. The media is provided for beginner class who study about descriptive text. The chosen picture is not very complicated because the students are still in capability of remembering. The use of this media is explained below:

      Teacher firstly explain about types of text and the focus of the lesson is descriptive text

      Second, teacher start discussing about descriptive text and the cope of it such as, its language features, its generic structure and among others

      After explaining, teacher give one example of describing thing

      Then, for exercise, teacher distribute the picture to all of students, each student has to describe it without working collaboratively.

      After that, students are asked to explained what they have already described in front of the class.

So, instead of learning descriptive text which focus on writing skill, students also be able to do speaking skill.

3. maket

this is my own creation..hihihi

Maket is a three dimension media used in teaching learning process, it is almost similar to karikatur, the writer created this media by using old goods such as, boxes, carton, cotton. It is quite achievable. The media was designed for every level of class and can be used for various lesson. But, the writer used this media for describing thing. The use of this media is explained below:

§       teacher explain to the students what is exactly descriptive text

§      After understanding the material given by teacher, students were divided into a pair

§      A couple must describe something that has been provided by teacher

§      After finishing doing the exercise, every students is supposed to stand up and make a circle

§      Teacher is in the middle of the class begin to instruct the students, the instruction is teacher will give a stick that consist of several question to the first student, teacher also play a kind of music, the rule is, before the music stop playing, the stick must be given to other students and once the music stop and the stick is on the A’s hand, so A must come open the question in the stick and start doing an instruction given in the stick. Mostly, the question is to describe the maket.

aanother media will be showed in next post...

essay introduction about TransKoetaRadja

Analyzing in to what extent bus of trans koetardja clears traffic jam in Banda Aceh

A.    Background of study

            Congestion/ traffic jam is the situation or circumstance stagnated or even interruption of traffic caused by the large number of vehicles exceeding the capacity. Jams often occur in big cities, especially who do not have a good public transportation or adequate or also unbalance the needs of density population, such as Banda Aceh.

Traffic jam always be the massive problem in daily life, it is can caused by several reasons:

·         Current passing through the street has exceeded the capacity of the road.

·         There are the road works

·         There is the accident.

Banda Aceh is the one of urbanization cities which density population has increased doubly  than before. The movement of density from the remote area to the city has caused some problems, for instance:  traffic jam. Due to that condition,  Banda Aceh Dishubkominfo  has provided a large number of Trans koetaradja, a public transportation in Banda Aceh. He said that by the existence of the bus, the congestion in this city can be decreased by prohibit the underage student who are not suitable in using Driver license to ride a motorcycle or drive a car. On the other side, the vice of C commission DPRK Banda Aceh, Daniel A Wahab has promised to control this program of using trans koetaradja. According to him, the citizen expect that the traffic jam in Banda Aceh can go down, however  the shape of the bus can  create a new problem in traffic, because its shape is too big (19/6).

            Even though bus of trans koetaradja is available in Banda aceh, there are still many students complain about traffic jam, they often said that by providing the bus is not the effective way to minimize traffic jam in this city, because some people are accustomed to ride their motorcycle and it will be un useful.

            Owing to that statement of students, we are as students of English department in seminar and discussion class are interested in that problem and would like to research it on title: Analyzing in to what extent bus of trans koetaradja clears traffic jam in Banda aceh.

B.     Limitation of problem

1.      Why the existence of bus of trans koetaradja still create traffic jam in Banda Aceh?

C.    Aims of study

1.      To know to what extent bus of trans koetaradja has minimized traffic jam in Banda Aceh.

D.    The effect of Trans Koetaradja

a.       Positive effects.

·         Anyone can go everywhere without any worry of sunburn.

·         Safety and comfortable.

·         All family are able to accompany anyone else to go around.

·         Economical.

b.      Negative effects.

·         Road is crowded by them.

·         Can result in late coming.